Technology: A User Friendly for Students

Technology has transformed the society leaving people with no choice but to conform to the constant innovations and learn to rely on what the technology has to offer. The advent of the twenty first century has gone to a lot of discoveries and innovations that require the people to increase the living standards in a society that is rapidly and constantly changing. Today, technology is even requiring a higher quality of education (Clark, Sanders, & Stammen, 1997).Apparently, the existence of technology gives people countless benefits to make lives more convenient. Students nowadays have been fortunate for having an advanced technology to be used for education purposes. Even though the society blames technology for the way it molds the young generation through the gadgets and modes of communication that give them independence, the advantages that these young people acquire from technology are evident.Technology helps the students to communicate well and immediately get and receive infor mation they needed for their studies. Moreover, technology makes easy transactions of the students inside and outside the schools. On the other hand, the idea of bringing technology outside the classrooms can be frightening because students always tend to look only at the benefits and convenience that it gives to the users. However, this may also open another opportunity to the young generation in attaining the real picture of the technological world.Technology does not always bring negative impacts because the students still benefit from the newly-innovated products in the society. The online libraries, internet messaging, and word processing are just few of the benefits that students learn and enjoy through the use of technology. Proper teaching of faculty about the right usage and limited exposure of students to technological gadgets can make technology user friendly and beneficial for the young adults. Apparently, the extent of beneficial relationship between technology and user s does not depend on how many gadgets a student has and how much he or she knows using them but having enough knowledge about technology and how to use them in proper ways can serve as the measurement of how these gadgets become friendly to its users.ReferenceClark, V. L. Sanders, G. F. & Stammen, R. M. (1997). Building a User Friendly Environment: The Challenge of Tecnology in Higher Education. Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www.kon.org/archives/forum/11-1/clark.html

Pedro Parama time line Essay

Juan Preciado came to look for Pedro Paramo after Dolores Preciado’s death. 4-7 Preciado follows the man who claimes to be Pedro Paramo’s son too. The man tells Juan that Pedro had died. 9 The man he followed, named Abundio, suggests Preciado to go see Eduviges   Meets Eduviges Dyada   Juan Preciado lodges at Eduviges’s. Talkes about Dolores and goes to sleep. Pedro Paramo is thinking about Susana. Family is praying for Grandfather’s death and is poor after the burial. Preciado awakes and finds out from Eduviges that Abundio had died already. Eduviges talkes about Dolores and her marriage to Pedro  Ã‚  Susana has left the town. Pedro Paramo longs for her. ‘The day you went away I knew I would never see you again’ 21-23 Eduviges talkes about Miguel’s death and his ghost visiting her. ‘Have you ever heard the moan of a dead man? ‘ 23-24 Pedro’s mother’s ghost comes to inform about his father’s death ‘And you mother? Who killed you? ‘ 25-30 Father Renteria does not want to pray for Miguel’s death. However, he needs financial support from Pedro Paramo. 30-32 Marie Dyada wants Father Renteria to save Eduviges Dyada who died of sorrow. Father Renteria refused since they are poor. ‘Let’s leave things as they are. Let us put our hope in God’ 32-33 Juan meets Damiana Cisneros from Media Luna. ‘No sound: not even of my breathing or the beating of my heart. ‘ discussion 1 37-38 Lucas tells Fulgor that Pedro was a disappointment. 34-37 Pedro’s family owes money, especially to the Preciado women. Pedro decides to marry Dolores Preciado to clear the debts. 38-41 Dolores agrees to the wedding. Pedro wants Fulgor Sedano to file Toribio Aldrete for falsifying boundaries   Fulgor Sedano took care of Toribio Aldrete’s boundary problem. 41-43 Preciado realizes Damiana Cisnero wasn’t alive Preciado hears two women talking about Pedro. Toribio Aldrete talks to his brother in law about the land. 45-46 Miguel Paramo is planning to elope with Chona, his lover. Discussion 2Juan realizes the sounds aren’t real and meet a man and woman The woman and her brother Donis live in sin and her face looks diseased. Man comes back and promises to lead him away the next day. A woman comes in while the two are out and scares Preciado. The two comes back and calms Preciado down. He awakes beside the woman, Donis is gone; Preciado goes out Preciado hears his mother talking to him. 57-58 Juan wakes up from the heat and goes outside, then falls unconscious. ‘There was no air; only the dead. ‘ Meets Dorotea and tells her what happened to himself. Dorotea talkes about herself and her delusion of a son.   Fulgor Sedano criticizes Miguel’s actions. Pedro is being overly protective of Miguel. 65-66 Juan Preciado & Dorotea talke about the sky. â€Å"The sky is so high and my eyes so clouded that I was happy just knowing where the ground was. † 66-68 Pedro is informed by Fulgor regarding Miguel’s death. â€Å"He felt no sorrow. â€Å"Night when Miguel died, Father Renteria recounts Miguel and Pedro, leads him to think about his confession to a fellow priest. 75-78 Narrated by Susana about her mother and Justina. 78-81 Juan hears Susana’s voice and learns that Susana’s mother died when she was born. Dorotea tells him how Pedro adored Susanna. 81-82 Fulgor Sedano informs Pedro about Susana’s return.   Narrated by Pedro Paramo, expressing joy at Susana’s return. ‘I felt that the heavens were parting’   Susana and her father quarrel about Susana ‘s decision to be with Pedro Paramo. 85 Pedro arranges to let Susana’s father, Bartelome, ‘disappear’ in the mine. 86-89 Indians from Apango visit Comala. Chapter explores Justina and Susana’s relationship. Susana is informed of Bartelome’s death and reminisces about her childhood of mistreatment by Bartolome. 91-93 Father Renteria consoles Susana about Florencio, her husband’s death. Susana: ‘why do you come see me, when you are dead’ *discussion 3* 93-95 El Tartamudo tells Pedro about the death of Fulgor Sedano. Pedro does not react and thinks about Susana instead. â€Å"But what world was Susana San Juan living in? † 95-96 Juan and Dorotea converse about the sea. â€Å"And the next morning, I was again in the sea, purifying myself. Giving myself to the waves. † Pedro Paramo provides the rebels with men and money for them to rebel against government. 99-100 Juan and Dorotea hear Susana’s murmurs about a dead man, possibly Florencio. 100-101 Susana pines over Florencio’s death. Pedro tries to console her but did not know how. 101-104 Gerardo Trujillo, Pedro’s lawyer, leaves after the fight between the rebels and Villistas, but comes back demanding more money. 105-107 Damiana Cisneros refused to let Pedro in from Margarita’s. She is aware of the revolutionaries 107-108 Damasio describes state of the war to Pedro and demands money 109-111 Susana and Justina converse about sins. â€Å"I only believe in hell† Two old women talk about Susana and the fact that she should confess before she dies. Susana dies. â€Å"He sheltered me in his arms. He gave me love. â€Å"discussion 4 People of Comala ignore Susana’s death due to festivities. Pedro swears to wreak vengeance on Comala. ‘†I will cross my arms and Comala will die of hunger. † And that was what happened. ‘ 117 Pedro orders El Ticuate to help the government 117-118 Pedro longes for Susana to come back Abundio, illegitimate son of Pedro, comes back to village to ask for money for his wife’s burial. Pedro rejects and is wounded.   Pedro Paramo dies.Discussions: 1. At this point, is this enough of an evidence to say that Juan Preciado has already died? If not, at what point of the novel do you think that Juan Preciado becomes one of the deceased? 2. Do you agree that the man here is referred to as Miguel instead of someone else? If there were other possibilities, then who and why? 3. Did Father Renteria die at this point? Or was Susana who died? Why did Father Renteria appear alive later on? 4. Is Susana referring to God or Florencio? Why do you think so and base on what evidences?

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - Essay Example However, every technology implementation requires extensive IT skills, education and training. This paper covers the analysis of different aspects of the information requirements and management decision-making at different organizational levels that require education and training. In this scenario this research will present a detailed analysis of different features of information requirements and management decision-making business systems implementation regarding education and training. Society is going toward the new era where the future fundamentally will be determined through peoples capability to intelligently utilize knowledge, a valuable global resource that is the personification of human intellectual technology and capital. Since, the new knowledge-based business and economy offer a great deal facilities for the distribution, utilization of information and knowledge, and its creation. Thus, in this latest economy, companies and individuals are required to pay attention on the ways that can be used to enhance and maintain their knowledge capital to bring innovation since the capability to adapt, learn, and change has turned out to be a core competency to survive in the marketplace (Psarras, 2007) and (Sunassee & Sewry, 2003). Psarras (2006) stated that it is apparent that in the latest knowledge-based financial system the need for training and education will increase. However, to effectively manage the economic system, new information technology offers the t ransformation in companies and individuals that will best attain their educational objectives as well as best satisfy the demand for business knowledge (Psarras, 2007). This paper presents a detailed analysis of the information requirements and management decision-making at different levels within the education and training sector. Martins (2007) outlined that in last decade business and corporate knowledge management (KM) have started to come out as an area of interest in business,

Leadership and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leadership and Culture - Essay Example Moldova is one of those European countries that have a rich tradition. Although the number of Moldovans are superior compared to other nationalities, there are Greeks, Bulgarians, Germans, Russians and others (Everyculture.com, 2015). However, the local people prioritise the indigenous culture strongly, which is based on the Romanian culture. When it comes to written language, Moldovan culture is prioritised by the local community, which is regarded as Romanian or a Daco-Romanian. One of the primary difficulties for the organisational leaders in the country would be to use English as the preferred communication language. Due to strong attachment with the indigenous culture, people are expected to avoid English as a mode of communication (Everyculture.com, 2015). Apart from the linguistic barrier, the Moldovan economy does not hold much promise. The country has experienced a significant downturn in economy since 1998. The major industries are found to be wine, tobacco and food process ing sector (Everyculture.com, 2015). On top of that, acquiring top talents from the industry is likely to be a major challenge for the organisations as well. The educational infrastructure is relatively poor compared to other European countries. As a consequence, leaders might find it difficult to acquire local people for the workforce. Caligiuri and Tarique (2012) stated that hiring local people are more effective compared to bring expatriates. If the local people are hired, the training cost could be higher.

A Comparison of the Characterization of Sherlock Holmes Essay

A Comparison of the Characterization of Sherlock Holmes - Essay Example Sherlock Holmes is the most prominent creation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Since Holmes’s first fictional appearance in 1887, he has become the model of the amateur private detective. Although Sherlock Holmes is not one of the first private detectives who came into the fiction world, the fame he attained after his literary origin dwarfed his fictional ancestors and started his way to eternity. Together with his friend Dr. Watson, they have frequently appeared in all sorts of literature, movies and TV series. In the movie, the novel and the show, Sherlock Holmes is character is portrayed differently and similarly. Similarities: In the novel and in the movie, Sherlock Holmes is a detective; he is brilliant and intelligent, and very knowledgeable. Differences: In the novel, Sherlock Holmes is portrayed as a musician because he plays the violin so well, he his knowledgeable in many fields like literature, politics, botany, geology, chemistry, British law and anatomy. He is also an expert in boxing; he is a swordsman and a singlestick player. In the movie Sherlock Holmes (Robert Downey) he is portrayed differently as rude, dangerous, emotional and tricky. The main difference in the show Sherlock (Benedict Cumberbatch) is the mode of dressing because he puts on a big coat every time the time and is at all times professionally clad, and he sometimes stays away from the old styled hat, large oversized coat, and piped trouser that he has always had in past years. The other difference is that he possesses the art of assumption.

Accountability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Accountability - Research Paper Example In a world that is increasingly becoming globalised with transnational companies reigning in economic power and supremacy, there is growing laxity in regard to the implementation of environmental regulations and high tolerance to human rights violations.The transnational companies currently are not liable to charges in regard to the destruction of the environment under international law which means that when harm is caused to individuals and by extension to future generations by a party, the party is bound to go scot free. What this implies is that international law does not give due respect to environmental accountability. While nations have instituted laws that regulate anthropogenic activities in relation to their impacts on the environment, many of these are lax giving people and organizations to become less accountable to future generations as they degrade the environment. Many have argued repeatedly that the world belongs to the future generation. The future generation in this context is the children and those who are yet to be born. However, the children have neither the power to vote nor the financial or political power to influence decisions made by the government that may affect their future well-being according to the World Commission on Environment and Development (1997) . This implies that their future wholly depends on the institutional and governance mechanisms put in place by the government.This implies that their future wholly depends on the institutional and governance mechanisms put in place by the government. Therefore, to ensure the well-being of the future generation, the government must be accountable to the children at different levels. Accountability, according to the free dictionary, is the duty bestowed upon an organization or individual to account for its actions and accept liability for them as well as disclosing the outcomes of activities to the stakeholders2. Accountability for future generation, therefore, implies protecting the rights of every child in the country by ensuring that they live in an environment that is secure and has adequate health facilities to promote their well-being. Accountability also entails managing and protecting the environment for the benefit of both present and future generation. This can be achieved by guaranteeing both the present and future generations the right to public participation in decision-makings, access to information and justice in matters related to the environment3. This paper examines the concept of accountability in light of the rights and interests of future generation. Part I Various stakeholders demand for accountability, sometimes their demands contrasting one another. Businesses for example demand that the government provide an environment that is safe and secure – one in which business can thrive with minimum threats. Furthermore, businesses demand that the environment is conducive for living. In this respect, the organizations call upon the governm ent to be more accountable in ensuring that the natural environment is clean and devoid of physical threats. On the other hand, the government and members of the public demand that businesses take action to minimize the negative effects of their production activities on the environment. For example, the by instituting carbon accounting laws and instituting regulations regarding the control of environmental pollution by individuals and organizations, the government calls for greater accountability to the environment. The parties of which accountability is demanded, however, often find the responsibility taxing as it is associated with certain costs. It has been noted by several quarters that the future of the planet and generations to come depend on how accountable the present generation is to the environment. With this being the case, the issue of sustainable development has become a subject of great debate as businesses and governments strive to strike a balance between the present use of resources for the profit of organizations and the present generations and the good of future generations. The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and

The Effect of Sentencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Effect of Sentencing - Essay Example The Benefits, Drawbacks, and Deterrence Effects of Various Forms of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System Sentencing is the product of a long process of bringing individuals to justice for their crimes and, as a result, it plays a crucial role in determining whether a criminal justice system is successful in achieving its purpose. If individuals are sentenced too harshly, according to rules that are too rigid, then the justice system has failed to live up to its promise of equitably distributing justice in society. If individuals are sentenced too laxly, according to rules that are not rigid enough, then the justice system can neither achieve retribution against offenders for their crimes against others nor achieve a deterrent effect to prevent further crime. The deterrent effect of sentencing is particularly important because criminals recognize the relative weight that prosecutors and judges place on certain crimes under certain circumstances; in cases in which a criminal knows sentencing will be soft, a crime is more likely to occur. Therefore, it is important for the criminal justice system to achieve a mean between too harsh and too soft in how crime in general is sentenced. Part of determining how to achieve this mean is by defining the kind of sentencing that ought to be practiced most often, with the major choices being indeterminate, determinate, and mandatory sentencing. Indeterminate sentencing denotes a term of incarceration that does not state a specific period of time or release date, but just a range of time. For instance, the imposition of â€Å"five-to-ten years† is an indeterminate sentence. Indeterminate sentencing is a perspective in criminal law closely tied to the rehabilitative perspective—the idea that prison should be an instrument for correcting and improving the behavior of inmates. According to O’Hear (2011), this perspective fell from favor in the 1970s and in the years that followed, many states pared back their investment in indeterminate sentencing practices where release dates were determined by a parole board years after the initial conviction. Besides the drawback of being linked to an antiquated theory of justice, indeterminate sentencing has the benefit of taking into account behavior while in prison as justification for expediting or delaying one’s release into society. Determinate sentencing, which is the imposition of a sentence that includes a fix or minimum period as specified by a statute. Determinate sentencing provides less flexibility than indeterminate sentencing, which is neither a benefit nor a drawback. However, one clear weakness with determinate sentencing is that situational factors do not enter easily into the equation. In Lockyer v. Andrade (2003), a form of determinate sentencing known as the three-strike law in California was challenged based on the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. The essence of the law is that a heavy sentence is required for individuals convicted of a third felony, which is thought to provide a strong deterrent effect after the second felony conviction. However, the nature of the three felonies could be as wide ranging as drug trafficking to shoplifting. Therefore, even if three felonies are relatively minor crimes, determinate senten

My Reason for Becoming a Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Reason for Becoming a Nurse - Essay Example Caring for patients in their own environments is both rewarding and challenging. The many dynamics present in a home environment often require an interdisciplinary approach to issues and concerns. As I review my career, I realize my focus has been on teaching others - another reason I love nursing is that it allows me to do this. I get a great deal of personal satisfaction from helping patients, and from helping families care for their loved ones. This involves teaching them about disease processes, medication, and signs and symptoms of complications from terminal illness. Most important of all to me is to give my patients the best quality of life possible, and to show their families how they can help their loved ones. I am presently working as an Admission Nurse in a hospice. This work is unlike any I have previously experienced. Having now worked in the hospice for 18 months I have realized that you truly must have a calling to help others during such a crucial period in their lives. Many people are so overwhelmed that it is necessary to approach the patient from a holistic approach. I truly endorse the hospice philosophy because I feel that an interdisciplinary approach to health care is very important. This role is very challenging, and flexibility is essential in providing good care.

Development and System Pahology SHORT ESSAYS Essay

Development and System Pahology SHORT ESSAYS - Essay Example The changing pattern of bone quality which has been provided with the advance of technology includes hormone replacement theory for females after menopause, physiotherapy and exercises for the old along with calcium supplements and medications available to overcome the other conditions which lead to osteoporosis. These methods employ the body with better resources for repair and it makes the body function in a proper way. This is how the changing pattern of bone quality through life supports the disposable soma view of ageing. Answer: Gonadal disease can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases which include gonorrhoea and syphilis. It can be caused by genetic abnormalities which include Turner’s syndrome and gonadal dysgenesis. Autoimmunity against the ovaries and the testes can also be a cause of gonadal disease. Endocrine disorders also result in gonadal disease. These include the androgen resistance syndrome, pituitary tumors, hypothalamic tumors and excess secretion of androgens. Blood tests for the levels of hormones serve to act as biochemical markers in gonadal disease. Low or high levels of sex hormones can be indicative of this. In the case of sexually transmitted diseases the levels of antigens and antibodies can also serve as markers. Chromosomal karyotyping can also lead to diagnosis. Answer: During the embryonic and fetal development the Y chromosome in the male is responsible for the formation of testes whereas the XX genotype is responsible for the formation of the ovaries. The testes releases testosterone and the ovary release oestrogen. Testosterone causes the development of male sexual organs whereas oestrogen contributes to the formation of female sexual organs. In the case of androgen insensitivity syndrome the receptors for testosterone in a child with XY genotype do not respond to it. Hence an individual with XY will not develop the male characteristics

Jackson Pollock's Painting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jackson Pollock's Painting - Assignment Example The paper "Jackson Pollock's Painting" focuses on the paintings of Jackson Pollock. His art is considered as the modern art and shows how the modern artists contributed to a change in creating arts like paintings and sculptures bringing it to the international stage for Avant-garde art. Through Jackson Pollock’s paint on convergence it shows an innovative method of the development in the history of painting. During that time of painting there was cold war between the United States and Russia; convergence painting was a way of expressing freedom of expression. Convergence art was a clear expression showing his feelings as it was an impression on social realism and also overt political gestures as it showed realism. This art by Jackson Pollock shows simplicity in its creation as he mainly use the available art applicants like household’s paint, sand, syringes, knives. Through the convergence painting we can see that it is a way he used in expressing his feelings as he eng ages his body movement thereby bringing a new technology known as active painting in art. It can also be seen that his painting shows originality as he uses his own techniques inputting different light colors which blend well bringing out a great painting. Jackson Pollock developed a unique and by pouring and dripping paint on canvas he tried to create a new technique in painting which was later known as drip technique. He used household’s paints and did not rely on artists painting showing his creativity using different types of paint applicants.

Religion and Grand Zoroastrian Nation Essay Example for Free

Religion and Grand Zoroastrian Nation Essay It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us. I thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks in the world; I thank you in the name of the mother of religions; and I thank you in the name of the millions and millions of Hindu people of all classes and sects. My thanks, also to some of the speakers on this platform who, referring to the delegates from the Orient, have told you that these men from far-off nations may well claim the honour of bearing to different lands the idea of toleration. I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance. We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true. I am proud to belong to a nation, which has sheltered the persecuted, and the refugees of all religion and all nations of the earth. I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the Israelites, who came to southern India and took refuge with us in the very year in which their holy temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I am proud to belong to the religion, which has sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation. I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have repeated from my earliest boyhood, which is every day repeated by millions of human beings: ‘As the different streams having their sources in different places all mingle their water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take through different tendencies various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee’. Quoted from Siva Mahimnah Stotram 7. The present convention, which is one of the most august assemblies ever held, is in itself a vindication a declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine preached in the Gita: ‘Whosoever comes to Me, through whatsoever form I reach him; all men are struggling through paths which in the end lead to Me’. Quoted from Geeta 4:11. Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descendant, fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful earth. They have filled the earth with violence, drenched it often and often with human blood, destroyed civilization, and sent whole nations to despair. Had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more advanced  than it is now. But their time is come; and I fervently hope that the bell that tolled this morning in honour of this convention may be the death-knell of all fanaticism, of all persecutions with the sword or with the pen, and of all uncharitable feelings between persons wend ing their way to the same goal.

The Utilities Of Apollo 11

The Utilities Of Apollo 11 The Apollo 11 mission played an important role in the shaping of science and technology and it stands as a testament to mankinds ability to achieve greatness in spite of seemingly overwhelming challenges and obstacles. The Apollo 11 moon landing was a significant event that showed what humanity could accomplish. The success of Apollo 11 came at a time when American society was in crisis. Some people argue that this achievement of landing on the moon was mainly to beat the Russians to it in the space race and how the achievement was born out of hatred and distrust. This is not necessarily true, a growing fear of adjusting to a world in which United States technology and leadership was perceived as second best. This fear helped to fuel this great achievement. The Apollo 11 mission had a profound impact in the advancement of science and technology and the evolution of space exploration. Its clear that Apollo 11 was the crown of American space technology and is a major accomplishment in the history of space exploration. The Apollo project was a series of missions designed to land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth. Although earlier Apollo missions did achieve some success the grand achievement of a manned landing on the moon was Apollo 11. The following timeline for Apollo 11 was taken from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center courtesy of Dr. David R. Williams: The liftoff of Apollo 11 happened on the morning of July 16, 1969. Apollo 11 was manned by a three man crew composing of Neil Armstrong, Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin and Michael Collins. On July 20, 1969 after a trip of four days Apollo 11 arrived at the moon. At 4:18pm EDT the lunar module containing Neil Armstrong and Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin touched down on the moon. Aldrin in communications to Earth stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the eagle has landed (Aldrin, 1969). At 10:56pm EDT Neil Armstrong emerged from the lunar module and became the first human to set foot on the moon. Armstrong summed it up by saying Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind (Armstrong, 1969). On July 21, 1969 Apollo 11 departed from the moon after spending 22 hours there. On July 24, 1969 Apollo 11 splashed down returning the three astronauts safely to Earth. (Williams, 2005). Millions of people around the world watched this historic event happen on live television and listened to it via radio broadcasts. With the success of Apollo 11 Kennedys great vision became a reality and it was giant step in progress for humankind. The Apollo 11 mission has directly affected society with the notion of space exploration and it had a profound effect on the future of space exploration. It all started on May 25, 1961 during the height of the space race, President John F. Kennedys bold statement to Congress on urgent special needs was one that captivated the nation and set the events that followed in motion: First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him back safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish (Kennedy, 1961). This speech made by Kennedy in 1961 was the stuff of legends and ignited the dream of space exploration. Kennedy would further elaborate on this and offered the reason and explanation for such an undertaking during a speech he made at Rice University about the nations space effort on September 12, 1962: We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too (Kennedy, 1962). This speech spoke to the hearts of the American people and was one of the finest speeches made by Kennedy to rally the support of the American public in favor of space exploration. Both of these speeches were a great boost to the American space program and the push for space exploration. At the time of these speeches NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration had not placed a man in orbit around the Earth, let alone the moon. Nonetheless NASA engineers and scientists rose to challenge. The past successes of the Mercury and Gemini programs guided by Kennedys grand vision helped to develop the missions for the Apollo program and in the ultimate goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely back to Earth. While the Apollo program was during the Cold War with its political and rhetoric fears and concerns it was also a push to explore space and how that success was vital for America. The May 25, 1961 Kennedy speech was reinforced by the October 13, 1961 speech at the American Rocket Society by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson stated: If I could get one message to you it would be this: The future of this country and the welfare of the free world depend upon our success in space. There is no room in this country for any but a fully cooperative, urgently motivated all-out effort toward space leadership. No one person, no one company, no one Government agency, has a monopoly on the competence, the missions, or the requirements for the space program. It is and it must continue to be national job (Johnson, 1961). This speech by Johnson clearly expressed the outlook the United States had on space exploration and it would do whatever it took to be successful and how important that success was. All three of these speeches helped the development of Americas space program and space exploration in general. The first two speeches made by Kennedy were to inspire the American public on this grand enterprise and how the exploration of space was necessary for America. The speech by Johnson was aimed at how important success was in this endeavor for America and how American leadership in space was necessary for the future of America. The Apollo program and most noticeably Apollo 11 is a living testament to the triumph of human engineering in overcoming enormous challenges in spite of overwhelming odds. When Kennedy made the bold statement of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth in 1961 none of the technology and hardware or the workforce needed to achieve this goal existed. An article in the July 2009 issue of Mechanical Engineering, Burton Dicht stated In all, more than 400,000 engineers, scientists, and technicians working for more than 20,000 companies and universities contributed to Apollos Success (Dicht, 29). This massive collaborative undertaking was unheard of at the time and showed what can be accomplished by working together. The Apollo 11 mission united the people working on it with a common goal and belief that America would achieve it first. During the 1960s engineers and scientists were in great demand to overcome the vast engineering difficulties in the race to get into space . An article in the September 2005 issue of Mechanical Engineering, John Varrasi says At no other time were engineers prouder of their work, contributions, and professional and civic responsibilities. Each successive space mission was an achievement for engineering, for the nation, and for mankind (Varrasi, 46). The 1960s were the glory days for engineering with almost unlimited recourses and funding all geared toward the exploration of space. In many ways the engineers and scientists were heroes in their own right for making the success of Apollo 11 a reality. With the limited computer power at the time some things could not be done by computer and had to be done by other means. Nick Smith in the July 2009 issue of Engineering Technology talks with Buzz Aldrin about the Apollo program, he quotes Aldrin as saying, We chose to use humans to aid things like re-entry, final closure breaking and docking maneuvers. We made use of humans, rather than try to automate everything and I thin k we made wise decisions when exploring how to do these things (Aldrin, 77). This was a wise decision as the computing power at the time was still in its intimacy and wasnt efficient in doing certain mechanical calculations or to make the needed corrective changes that arose in solving them. Apollo 11 was a great collaborative feat of human engineering and coordination and the success of Apollo 11 proved that American scientific and technological power would remain supreme in the area of space exploration. Public coverage of the American space program through the press and television provided a great boost of support and enthusiasm that helped to retain national interest in the space program. Michael Beschloss in the book Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership writes, public interest in space science, rocket technology, and detailed knowledge regarding space exploration had exploded. This, captured the American imagination, made them strongly support the space program because it promised the chance to establish American superiority in space (Beschloss 63). All of this led to strengthen the influence the space program had on the American people and helped to combat the fears the public had that America would lose the resulting space race. The space race has been called many of things and some would dismiss it as commonplace of the Cold War era, in all reality it was just a heated rivalry between two opposing nations that played on political fears. Space and ultimately the m oon was the battleground for this rivalry as each side strove to achieve superiority. For America the political goal was to prove to the world that American technology and leadership were superior. An article in the July 2009 issue of Engineering Technology, Piers Bizony writes Neither Russia nor America at the time would have reached for space, let alone the moon, if that prize hadnt beguiled the many millions of ordinary people they were trying to impress with their propaganda campaigns (Bizony, 22). While this is one view of how the space program was seen it is true to a sense; the growing fear of adjusting to a world in which American technology and leadership came to be thought of as second best was seen as a real threat. If the Soviet Union could solidify its superiority in outer space, it would strengthen its influence and hold on the people of the world. This would have profound diplomatic and commercial consequences for America and the American way of life (Oberg, 2009). T his never happened, Apollo 11 succeeded in its mission of putting American astronauts on the moon and by doing so also succeeded in its purpose. Winning the race to the moon gave the American people a great sense of confidence and pride not to mention a sense of direction that America would lead the world in the exploration of space. This success of Apollo 11 came at a time when American society was in crisis and that success helped to sustain the nation through the turbulent years of internal turmoil that followed. Mark Albrecht, former Executive Security of the National Space Council in his book, Falling Back to Earth comments on Apollo 11, he writes, It was an achievement that won the admiration of nations and fueled innovation (Albrecht, 58). He further elaborates on this in a 2011 Washington Times article he stated: Since 1960, Americas space program has been the crown jewel and Exhibit A of American exceptionalism. It has been a symbol of our spirit, ingenuity and technological prowess. It has fueled and sustained an economic expansion unparalleled in history and has powered the most awesome and unrivaled global military capability since the Roman Empire (Albrecht, 2011). The statement made by Albrecht clearly expresses how important the space program was during the 1960s and how its success changed the future of America and humanity forever. While many have identified the moon landing as the crowning achievement of civilization, it is also a great technological feat and as such has had an impact on culture. In the book Societal Impact of Spaceflight, Andrew Chaikin wrote the cultural impact of Apollo has been multifaceted. It was an event of international importance and yet it touched countless lives on an intensely personal level (Chaikin, 53). This touching of lives caused by Apollo was a turning point in the history of space exploration. It helped to boost commercial and economic growth. It helped to further education in the advancement of science, math and engineering. It also changed or altered worldwide views of how we see ourselves and how we perceive our place in the universe. For some of the American public the moon landing was a contradiction. Darren Jorgensen, Discipline Chair of Visual Arts for the School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts of the University of Australia wrote an article in the 2009 is sue of Sociological Review, he wrote Rather than an heroic victory for the American way of life, the broadcast represented the kinds of disorientation and self-doubt that this society was experiencing during the 1960s (Jorgensen, 178). These feelings of alienation and self-doubt by the public were not surprising, at the time of the moon landing America was in turmoil and many questioned or opposed Apollo saying the cost for it could be better spent elsewhere and was out of tune with the urgent needs of Earth (Chaikin, Societal Impact of Spaceflight, 56). Apollo was a unique point in American history it undoubtedly had a profound effect on culture that pushed into the political and social aspects as well. The political and technological circumstances of the 1960s and the national priority of space exploration were all key elements in the success of putting an American man on the moon. This kind of culture shaping event would probably not be seen again as the next decade had its own p roblems to deal with, least of all the Vietnam War and the priorities shifted as the time changed. John Logsdon, former director of the space policy institute and current member of the NASA Advisory council wrote in his book John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon, he wrote In undertaking the lunar landing program, John Kennedy linked the politics of the moment with the dreams of centuries and the aspirations of the nation (Logsdon, 4). The Apollo project was the means for America to achieve its prestige in the space race and in the Cold War and its effect would be long lasting on culture and humanity. The Apollo mission unfired the American public in a way that gave them something they could be proud of. It was a great voyage of discovery and with coverage of the event provided by television, it gave the public the chance to follow along with and in a sense partake in the event. At the time nothing of the sort had ever been done, the implications and the outcome of the event had a huge impact and changed the culture of America and the world. The Apollo 11 moon landing was a groundbreaking event that changed the world. It is a living testament to mankinds ability to achieve greatness in spite of enormous odds and challenges. It showed what America could accomplish when united and working towards a common goal. While it was a race for superiority in the resulting space race, it also played a key role in the shaping of science and technology. The Apollo 11 mission proved Americas capability to advance science and technology. The nation was left in awe by the achievements made by the aerospace industry during the 1960s and ultimately the moon landing. Apollo brought about technological advances in computer circuitry and engineering along with numerous innovations that have improved our understanding of space and that has affected modern society immensely. Apollo 11 and the moon landing event was a vast and cultural shaping force that undeniably inspired how science and the future evolve. Works Citied Albrecht, M. (2011). Americas space rash is crashing. Washington Times. July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/6/americas-space-program-is-crashing/ Albrecht, M. (2011). Falling Back to Earth: A First Hand Account of the Great Space Race and the End of the Cold War. San Mateo, CA: New Media Books. Beschloss, M. (1997). Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Bizony, P. (2009, July). The great uncertainty of Apollo. Engineering Technology, 4(12). 20-23. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi:10.1049/et.2009.1201). Dicht, B. (2009). The most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.. Mechanical Engineering, 131(7), 28-35. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. Dick, S. and Launius, R., ed. (2007). Societal Impact of Spaceflight. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Johnson, L. B. Aeronautical and Astronautical Events of October-December 1961. Report to the Committee on Science and Aeronautics. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1961-4.html. Jorgensen, D. (2009). Middle America, the moon, the sublime and the uncanny. Sociological Review, 57. 178-189. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2009.01824.x) Kennedy, J. F. Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs, May 25, 1961. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=8151. Kennedy, J. F. Address at Rice University on the Nations Space Effort, September 12, 1962. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Address-at-Rice- University-on-the-Nations-Space-Effort-September-12-1962.aspx. Logsdon, J. M. (2010). John f. Kennedy and the race to the moon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Oberg, James. (2009). The secret formula for going to the moon. NBC News website. July 14, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from h ttp://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5380736/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/secret- formula-going-moon/ Smith, N. and Schuster, A. (2009, July). Out of this world. Engineering Technology, 4(12). 20-23. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi:10.1049/et.2009.1201). Varrasi, J. (2005). Reach for the Sky. Mechanical Engineering, 127(9), 44-46. Retrieved from academic Search Complete database. Williams, D. (2005). 25th anniversary of Apollo 11: 1969 1994. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. May 24, 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11.html.

Marxist View Of The Colonialism History Essay

Marxist View Of The Colonialism History Essay European colonial period was the period 1500-1900 in most of the European powers to colonize Africa, America and Asia. Designed to boost the bottom of the first region of the national economy at the expense of rivals, the colonies are usually allowed to deal only with the mother nation. By mid-19th century, the great British Empire as trade restrictions mercantilism and established the principle of free trade, the conditions of the restrictions or charges. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2006 used the word colonialism to describe the process in Europe in other regions of the world, including the Americas, Australia, Africa and parts of Asia settlement and political control. Countries of imperialism and colonialism, constantly discussed because it is difficult to distinguish between these two words distinction, and use this project as a broad concept of colonialism is the dominant 16th-century European political project to the end of the twentieth century, the national liberation movement in the 1960s. The relationship between the colonial force of the majority (or import) and foreign invaders of indigenous minorities. What is the decision, affecting the life of colonial peoples and the implementation of the colonial rulers in pursuit of interests, is usually defined in a distant city. Refused to compromise cultural colonial population, are convinced the settlers and their ordained task, in order to rule out the advantage. [7] Activities that can be called colonialism has a long history. Africa, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans built in the ancient colony from the colonial empires. Metropolis from the Greek metropolis the mother city, colonial word comes from the Latin Cologne grew up. Between 11th and 18th centuries, Vietnamese established military colonies south of their original terrain and immersed the territory, in a procedure known as nam tià ¡Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¿n. Recent colonialism started with the Age of Discovery. Spain and portugal discovered new land built or opened large tracts of land between the ocean and shopping centers. For some people, it is the expansion of other types of construction colonialism colonial characteristics of the other side of the ocean. In this new land was divided between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, and so between the papal bulls and the Treaty of Tordesillas and Zaragoza (1529) of the Treaty. With this commercial revolution. See the late Middle Ages in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean, accounting and banking sector reform. These ideas were adopted, and adapt to the high risk in Western Europe, and return to the colonial enterprise. In the 17th century, the establishment of Dutch colonial empire and the French Empire and the French colonial empire, and later became the British Empire. He also believes that the establishment of colonial empires, colonies abroad in Denmark and Sweden. Reduce the spread of colonial empires in the late 19th century, the United States as early as in 18 of the Revolutionary War and the War of Independence in Latin America. However, the introduction of a new colony, after this period, including the Belgian colonial empire and German colonial empire. And participated in several European powers in the late 19th century, the scramble for Africa. I found, at the same time above the Empire, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but does not extend over the ocean. In contrast, the traditional route of the invasion of neighboring lands imperial expansion. , However, some of Russias Bering Strait colonial rule in the United States. Empire of Japan itself along the European colonial empires. Overseas Territories in the United States after the Spanish-American War, the American Empire. After World War I, the victors divided the German colonial empire. Many of the Ottoman Empire and between them these tasks Alliance land is divided into three different speed, and believes he will be ready for independence. [11] However, outside the United States until after World War II decolonization delay. In 1962, the United Nations Special Decolonization Committee, and is often referred to as the Committee of 24, in order to facilitate this process. In addition, tens of thousands of the independence movement and the political unity of the global project, the former colonies of the Movement of Non-Aligned key role in the decolonization efforts. Marxist view of colonialism Marxism sights colonialism as a form of capitalism, imposing exploitation and social variation. Marx believed that working within the capitalist world system, the uneven development of colonialism is closely related. A file corruption and large-scale development and system-dependent economic distortions, psychological and social chaos, poverty and the great dependence of neo-colonialism. [16] according to Marxist historians, whether it is in the Western European countries colony, stealing more than half of a normal life, the lack of nutrition citizens. [17] in the colonies and production means. Raw materials and looking for new investment opportunities is the result of the accumulation of capital, competition between capitalism. Lenin, imperialism, colonialism, imperialist monopoly capitalism through colonialism and night Sonja S. He explains: Vladimir Lenin called a firm principle of self-determination of the people in his socialist revolution thesis on the right to self-determinati on of the socialist Internationals plan OLL a key factor, he quoted Lenin that the right of peoples to self-determination, special rights, in the political sense of independence, freedom political separation of the rights of the oppressed countries. more specifically, the demand for political reasons. democracy suggests complete freedom to stir for secession and for a survey on secession by the seceding nation-state. In recent years, scientists have invested less attention to the discussion of colonialism in the Marxist tradition. This decline reflects the influence of Marxism in academic practice and policy. However, Marxism, moved the independence movement of all post-colonial theory and anti-colonial rule over the world. Drew attention to the expansion, helps to explain the concept of European politics after the end of the sustained economic development of direct political rule, and pointed out that the material basis of Marxism. From the point of view of Marxism, a form of imperialism is inevitable. Large population exported to overseas resource-rich land, the countrys industrial products and a reliable source of natural resources to create a market. Or, you can be the weakest countries face the choice between voluntary acceptance of foreign products, is not conducive to work under the influence of the local industry or political, in order to achieve the same goal. Marxs analysis of the progr essive forces of colonialism brought update feudal society like a transparent rationalization of foreign domination. However, his British hegemony account reflects the contradictions of capitalism in Europe. In both cases, the Marx recognized during the transition from feudal society to bourgeois society caused great pain at the same time stressed that the change is necessary and progressive end. He said, the penetration of the trade, lead to a social revolution in India. For Marx, the positive and negative consequences of the disease. Traditional farmers are losing their livelihoods, is a lot of human suffering, but also shows that the traditional rural communities far from ideal, but the site of class oppression and slavery, suffering and cruelty. The first phase of the modernization process is completely negative, because of the poor pay heavy taxes to support the British rule, withstand economic crisis the English cotton production cheaper. Ultimately, however, British merchants began to realize that the Indians can not afford to buy clothes or imports of British administration, if they do not effectively trade in goods, providing incentives for production and investment in infrastructure in the UK. Marx believed that the British ruled greedy and cruel exercise, he feels he is still an agent of progress. Therefore, Marx discussed the British rule in India three aspects: the account of the advanced nature of foreign domination, the critique of the human suffering involved, and the last parameter of the British rule should be temporary, if the evolutionary potential to achieve . Lenins perspective, imperialism clear key. He stressed that imperialism is a way to make the European countries to postpone the inevitable revolutionary crisis exports by countries with weak local economic burden. Lenin said, the economic logic of the reasons advanced capitalist imperialism in the late nineteenth century. Declining margins caused by the economic crisis can not be resolved through regional expansion. Group of capitalism forced to expand in seeking to transcend national boundaries, conquer new markets and resources. In a certain sense, Marxs analysis, see the expansion and the ongoing process of European colonialism in the country and throughout Europe within, which is fully compatible. The thought of Marx and Lenin, imperialism and colonialism led to the same logic, leading to economic development and modernization in the surrounding areas of Europe. But there is an element of the unique analysis, Lenin. Around the state monopoly capitalism since the end of the compet ition in the market take the form of military competition between the countries on Earth can be masters of their own exclusive economic zone.

Hamlet as the Complete Man :: Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet as the Complete Man Tragedy, Shakespeare had come to see when he was writing Hamlet, is a kind of consecration of the common elements of man's moral life. Shakespeare introduces the common man in Hamlet not for what we are apt to think of as his "commonness" but for this strange power however you care to name it that he possesses-we have used art, or virtue, or we might have borrowed from Henry James "the individual vision of decency." In Tragedy there is no longer a Chorus moving round the altar of a god; but if Proust is right the spectators are still participants in a supernatural ceremony. Perhaps I may put the aspect of Tragedy I wish to keep before you more clearly by drawing on Professor Harbage's study of Shakespeare's ideal man. Collecting the approving references he finds that this ideal man is soldierly, scholarly, and honest. If these men seem to lack the larger idealism that is so common and abundant in our own generation, there is no suspicion that Shakespeare's men will fail to back with their own skin their apparently modest programs. As Professor Harbage says: "All soldierly, scholarly, honest men are potential martyrs -you can substitute for "martyrs" tragic figures. Of that Shakespearean type Hamlet is the ideal. Shakespeare had before him in Saxo and Belleforest what was presented as an ideal type. This type Shakespeare transformed. To what may be called the instinctive wisdom of antiquity and her heroic passions, represented so impressively by Hamlet's father, Shakespeare has united the meditative wisdom of later ages in Hamlet himself. The re is no surrender of the old pieties, and the idea of the drama comes from the impact of new circum1stances upon the old forms of feeling and estimation; there is a conflict between new exigencies and old pieties, that have somehow to be reconciled. The play dramatizes the perpetual struggle to which all civilization that is genuine is doomed. To live up to its own ideals it has to place itself at a disadvantage with the cunning and treacherous. The problem Mr. Chandler (1) sets his hero is infinitely complicated in Hamlet-to be humane without loss of toughness. The hero must touch both extremes: without one he is just brutal, lacking the other he is merely wet.

evilmac Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - The Evil Witches :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Macbeth’s Evil Witches  Ã‚      The witches are seen as being evil. This is because at the time, witches were accepted as being real and evil. Shown in the play because the first scene is thunder and lightning, which is associated with terrible happenings and things so suggests witches are terrible things. They speak in rhymes and use many equivocal terms e.g. ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair’. This suggests reversal and unbalance, which leads to chaos and disorder in Macbeth’s life. This is suggested because they immediately mention Macbeth so he is already associated with the witches and seen as being evil. The chaos is also shown in the natural world by the weather and natural events. Act 1 Scene 3, there is thunder when the witches meet again. The idea of them being evil is reinforced because in this scene because they are cursing a sailor. This suggests that Macbeth will also face a similar type of treatment. The mystery of the witches is increased in this scene because they know Macbeth is coming when the third witch tells the other two, ‘Macbeth doth come.’ This raises the question of how they knew he was coming and reinforces the link between Macbeth and the witches, which suggests to the audience that Macbeth is evil from the beginning of the play. This link is further reinforced when Macbeth’s first line using the same equivocal as the witches, ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’. Banquo is wary of the witches and does not really want to believe that they really because he says ‘That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ th’ earth’, which adds further to their mystery because they are described as being unnatural. However, the suggestion that Macbeth is somehow acquainted with them is again shown when he talks to them directly without fear and asks 'What are you?’ Nevertheless, this shows to an extent that Macbeth also saw the witches as being unnatural because he enquires about what they are but he does not appear to be afraid. They then avoid this question and tell Macbeth his prophecies as though this was the purpose all along. Their prophecies give rise to the question whether they knew that he was already Thane of Glamis and the next Thane of Cawdor. This adds to the mystery of the witches and provides some more evidence of the suggestion that they were well acquainted with Macbeth.

Designing a Butterfly Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Designing a Butterfly Garden for the Blind The research and preparation for this essay have made me realize not only how interesting and unique this project is, but also how useful and valuable such a â€Å"Garden for the Blind† could really be. The blindfolded Butterfly Garden experience specifically helped me realize to a great extent how much we as humans greatly overemphasize our sense of sight, and do not take full advantage of all the senses most of us have been blessed with to use and appreciate. Just as the restaurant â€Å"Dans le Noir?† is not restricted to only the blind, I believe this Garden for the Blind should be for everyone to enjoy and experience. Perhaps those patrons who are gifted with sight could do as we did at the Butterfly Garden and close their eyes, wear sunglasses, put on blindfolds, or whatever means of covering their eyes so that they could truly feel the impact of the garden’s beauty without relying on merely the sense of sight. Joy Malnar and Frank Vodvarkaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Sensory Design helped accustom me to the idea that our other senses are just as important, but vastly underused, when compared with the sense of sight. The architecturally-focused book’s brief section on gardens and emphasis on non-ocular senses helped me start thinking in the proper frame of mind for this garden’s design. Richard Florida’s The Rise of the Creative Class was able to aid in my creative thinking processes, and proved very helpful thanks to the revelation that creativity is not a â€Å"gift† that only some people are blessed with, but rather a frame of mind that anyone who works hard enough can attain and master for some creative purpose. All of these various sources helped provide me with the right mindset and creative energy in order to come up with the ideas and thoughts about the â€Å"Garden for the Blind† I am about to describe. A continuing theme that one cannot avoid when considering developing anything geared specifically toward the blind is that all visual, sight-based elements are useless. However, this is not to say that the designer is greatly limited or handicapped. The wealth of possibilities that exist through taking advantage of all our other, non-exploited senses is endless. Designing a Butterfly Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays Designing a Butterfly Garden for the Blind The research and preparation for this essay have made me realize not only how interesting and unique this project is, but also how useful and valuable such a â€Å"Garden for the Blind† could really be. The blindfolded Butterfly Garden experience specifically helped me realize to a great extent how much we as humans greatly overemphasize our sense of sight, and do not take full advantage of all the senses most of us have been blessed with to use and appreciate. Just as the restaurant â€Å"Dans le Noir?† is not restricted to only the blind, I believe this Garden for the Blind should be for everyone to enjoy and experience. Perhaps those patrons who are gifted with sight could do as we did at the Butterfly Garden and close their eyes, wear sunglasses, put on blindfolds, or whatever means of covering their eyes so that they could truly feel the impact of the garden’s beauty without relying on merely the sense of sight. Joy Malnar and Frank Vodvarkaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Sensory Design helped accustom me to the idea that our other senses are just as important, but vastly underused, when compared with the sense of sight. The architecturally-focused book’s brief section on gardens and emphasis on non-ocular senses helped me start thinking in the proper frame of mind for this garden’s design. Richard Florida’s The Rise of the Creative Class was able to aid in my creative thinking processes, and proved very helpful thanks to the revelation that creativity is not a â€Å"gift† that only some people are blessed with, but rather a frame of mind that anyone who works hard enough can attain and master for some creative purpose. All of these various sources helped provide me with the right mindset and creative energy in order to come up with the ideas and thoughts about the â€Å"Garden for the Blind† I am about to describe. A continuing theme that one cannot avoid when considering developing anything geared specifically toward the blind is that all visual, sight-based elements are useless. However, this is not to say that the designer is greatly limited or handicapped. The wealth of possibilities that exist through taking advantage of all our other, non-exploited senses is endless.

Day the Earth Stood Still

Ill never forget the day the earth stood still. It was as if the planet’s entire population had conspired against me to formulate the most detrimental plan that would forever change my life. In fact, it still seems like just yesterday Becky and I were walking on the beach hand in hand with that new relationship glow in our eyes. We were always a great team. A modern day Bonnie and Clyde it seemed like. But as the saying goes, things are never what they appear to be. The first time Becky and I considered one another an item, it seemed weird because we had always grown up best friends. We had never intended to be more than that but after spending countless hours together, we began to realize that our friendship started to develop into something more. At first, things were going really well. She was always really adamant about spending as much with me as possible, and we were always together. We would sit around my house and watch movies as we ate popcorn and acted like your typical adolescent couple. The only difference was this wasn’t puppy love to me, this was the real thing. Unfortunately after about a year, things progressively slowed down and our â€Å"newlywed† antics eventually died out. Things just didn’t seem as exciting as they used to be. Although we still hung out all the time, Becky started to drift. Her calls became more infrequent and her monotone voice provided a clear indication that she just didn’t feel the same anymore. Even still, we tried to fight through it and after a while things got somewhat better. It was only a few months later that our relationship went sour again. No matter how hard I tried, my best was just never good enough. Everything became an argument and it seemed like Becky and I had gone from being perfectly compatible, to mixing like oil and water. It’s sad to say, but I must have been blinded by all of the â€Å"I love you† and â€Å"you’re the only one I ever want to be with† comments because I became completely oblivious to what was occurring literally right under my nose. One night, I decided I would surprise Becky at her house after she got out of work. My plan was to sneak through her window, light up several candles throughout her room, and set a romantic tone for the evening. I called her several times and strangely, she didn’t pick up. Becky always worked late as the head waitress at Hooters, and she would always show up to my house dead tired from working so much. I figured she was probably just really busy and wasn’t able to answer her phone. Either way, I decided that I would go to her house about an hour prior to her getting out of work to ensure that I wouldn’t let her spoil the surprise in the event she came home early. I decided that I would go in through the back entrance of her complex, and park my car behind her building to avoid being spotted. I pulled in and began looking around for parking spaces that Becky wouldn’t drive by. As I pulled around the left side of the three story white building, I noticed something extremely odd. Becky’s car was parked in a guest parking spot. Not only was it parked in such a strange location, but it was sitting on the complete opposite side of her apartment. That’s when a feeling shot through my blood, and a voice within me began to tell me that something wasn’t right. I began creeping along side the building watching my every step to make sure I didn’t make any noise. I tried to look through her window but her blinds were down and the light was off. I walked slowly to the front door and turned the golden handle. I’ll never forget the sound of the door as I cracked it open slowly. It was so loud and blatant it seemed like the next door neighbors could have heard it. Luckily for me though, nobody did. I tip-toed to the door and put my ear up against it, only to hear the sounds that any man would pay to never have to listen to. I stormed through the door only to find Becky in bed with one of my co-workers who was also my best friend. I stood there speechless. I don’t think that anyone can fathom the feeling that runs through you when something like that happens. It’s not so much the actual sight of it that really made me feel like I had been treated so unfairly, it was the â€Å"it’s not what it looks like† and â€Å"let me explain† comments that did it. After I stood there with a smirk that would have made the devil cringe, I politely excused myself, told them I was sorry, and walked back to my car. Oddly enough, it would have been a lot easier to burst open the door, yell, scream, and really let them know how unfairly I had been treated by both of them. But what was the point? Once I left, they would go back to what they were doing and I would look like complete fool. Instead, I decided to be the bigger person, change my number, and let Karma do the rest.

An analysis of Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art”

The poem â€Å"One Art† by Elizabeth Bishop uses simple and elegant verse as a poetic device to help it achieve its purpose and to convey its theme. Bishop’s poem is about the way in which people feel about losing things within their lives and how this can affect them. Bishop’s argument, through her poem, is that in order for people to learn the art of losing, they must practice on smaller things and eventually losing other things will not be so hard on them. The poetic element that she uses with such success is the language choice she uses, and in particular the rhythm of the poem, which makes it easy to read.The theme of the poem, the idea of mastering the art of losing, is expressed through the use of simple language, the author’s use of her own personal losses to bring the theme to the forefront, and enhanced by the rhythm of the poem’s words. Bishop’s poem is able to take an idea, that of loss, and successfully relay its theme and achiev e its purpose by directing it toward a wide audience of women who must deal with loss. Her audience is an important influence in how Bishop wrote the poem.â€Å"One Art† by Elizabeth Bishop is a poem that does not use symbolism and strange descriptions to create the theme of the piece, and the result is a poem that deals with loss: â€Å"The art of losing isn’t hard to master,/ so many things seem filled with their intent,/to be lost that their loss is no disaster† (Bishop). Bishop’s use of language is unique in that it is modern and almost as if she is speaking it and her use of proper English and grammar comes across as well. The result of this is that the poem appears to be sound advice from a woman who has had many life experiences and can be trusted to share her wisdom with the rest of the world. She writes from her own experiences with lines like, â€Å"I lost my mother’s watch. And look! My last,/ or next to last, of three beloved houses we nt./ The art of losing isn’t hard to master† (Bishop).She is able to give the reader a sense of how much loss she has endured and by doing so, she is actually making it more realistic to the reader to believe the theme of her poem. Bishop is able to use simple words that almost anyone can understand to bring to light her ideas about loss. She does not use any fancy punctuation or grammar, nor does she try to hide the meaning within metaphors and similes. Bishop clearly writes a poem in her own voice so that she can get her point across to others like her, most especially women who have dealt with similar loss.The rhythm of the poem is a particular element of the poem that becomes especially important in a short poem of this nature because it helps the flow of the words. Each of the verses contains a rhythm to it, either by using words that rhyme at the end of every other line or simply choosing words that make up the stressed and unstressed syllables of the iambic meter (Sound and Rhythm). In the fifth verse, Bishop writes,†I lost two cities, lovely ones, And, vaster,/ Some realms I owned, two rivers, a continent/ I miss them, but it wasn’t a disaster† (Bishop). The writer uses the words vaster and disaster to create a rhythm that helps the poem flow, and she does the same with other word choices throughout the poem: master and disaster, fluster and master, last, or and master. This element is even more important to the success of the poem when it is read aloud by the reader because the way we speak translates into how effective the iambic meter and the flow of the poem truly is.Bishop’s poem gains it real effectiveness by being simply realistic. The author is a woman who uses her own experiences to reach out to her audience and bring them a poem with a theme that is important to many people, especially women. When she talks about losing a gold watch or forgetting names she is hitting on an important thing to many women: the idea of losing something that is sentimental to them, like their mother’s watch, or getting older and forgetting things or having problems with their memory. It’s important to remember that the writer’s own experiences and ideas become a part of the poem and that helps enhance its believability to the audience. She even opens herself up in the final verse, talking about losing someone she loves and losing the â€Å"joking voice, the gesture I love!† (Bishop).She opens herself up to the audience in a way that is raw and real, bringing to light issues about loss that all of us will at one time experience or endure, but in particular her intended audience becomes important to the effectiveness of the poem. The poetic device she uses, that of the simple language, becomes that which is most important in making the poem work for the audience. Anytime a poet is able to write a poem in a way that makes it sound, if spoken aloud, as if it is someone speaking t o you and giving you advice, it is obvious that the writer meant it to come across in such a way. It makes it easy for the reader to understand what the whole point of poetry is really, and that is the theme it is trying to convey and the purpose with which it was written.The theme of this poem is so important to understanding why the author uses the device that she does because throughout the poem, the simplicity that Bishop uses in her poetry helps to transcend the generational gap between the author and the reader. Bishop was an older lady with many life experiences to draw from when she wrote much of her poetry and for this reason, she is able to get away without using fancy words or poetic devices that do not make sense. She writes simply, in short words, in a type of dialogue that seems as if she is simply speaking it.The beauty of the poetry is that it like she is able to create her theme by sculpting it with terms and words that everyone can understand readily. Her point of view is that something as complex and yet simple as loss can be an art form and that by viewing it as such, we do not simply run away from loss when we experience it, we have to learn to embrace it and further learn from it so that in our lives we can cope with it with dignity as time goes by. Even the death of a loved one can be something that can be endured with grace and dignity.So why is it an art form to learn to deal with loss? Perhaps in the mind of Bishop it is something that needs to be embraced as a part of life just as one would embrace their gift at writing or any other type of art. When people are enduring pain and are going through problems in their lives, they must be able to move forward. This is Bishop’s theme. She is trying to teach us to look at loss in a completely different way than we had previously been looking at this type of pain. As a part of life it is something that we need to understand and it would only benefit us to learn how to understand it. B ishop’s beautiful verse and her use of poetic devices translate her own ideas into the purpose of the poem. In the end, she succeeds in using the poetic device of language and iambic meter to create a flowing style of poetry that is simple and yet elegant.Elizabeth Bishop uses the simple language and iambic meter to create a poem that easily achieves its purpose of helping enlighten the readers about how loss can affect someone and how it is an art to be able to deal with loss. By using the poetic devices she does, Bishop is able to create an atmosphere in the poem that lets it flow nicely and helps the poem to put across its theme. Without the style of writing that Bishop uses the poem would not be able to achieve its important purpose and the author would fail in her attempt to put across the moral that she wishes her audience to learn from her own experiences and what she has learned from them. â€Å"One Art† is a simple poem that achieves its purpose without the ai d of intricate and complex poetic devices, and in so doing is perfectly targeted to her audience and accomplishes her goal.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works CitedBishop, Elizabeth. â€Å"One Art.† Poetry Translation Project. 26 Jan. 2007.â€Å"Sound and Rhythm.† English Literature. Fu Jen University. 26 Jan. 2007.

Dreams: The Peach Orchard

Hina Matsuri – The famous festival of dolls celebrated in the shroud of pink peach blossoms. During the doll festival, dolls represent the peach trees – without the peach trees, the dolls would represent nothing. A similar event happened in the life of a young boy who lost an orchard of peach trees after being cut down, one after another, by his own family. The boy felt a sense of loss during this, supposed to be, an enthusiastic and very memorable day. The young boy got scolded after providing six servings of a particular food, when there are only five people to be served. The boy, however, did see a sixth person. It was a young girl in pink dress or kimono, which he followed soon after towards the orchard. Eventually, he saw the dolls from his sister’s collection brought to life in the peach orchard. They first speculated on the boy’s innocence and they found out how the boy loved the peach trees and the orchard. The dolls, being moved by the boy’s tears and sympathy, performed a slow graceful dance. The dance was accompanied with gagaku music and after the dance the boy saw an illusion of the peach trees in full blossom. However, it was only momentarily. The truth eventually came out, where the scene shows the chopped peach trees in the orchard. Nevertheless, a glimpse of hope was provided for the boy after seeing that there is a new peach tree in the orchard and it was just about his height. The young girl who ran to the orchard may be the representative of/ or doll symbolizing the new peach tree. The movie ended showing the young boy sadly looking at the new peach tree as the scene fades to black (Kurosawa, 1955). Reference Kurosawa, Akira (1955) Dreams: The Peach Orchard. Warner Bros.

Lord of the Flies and Psychology

William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, narrates the story of a group of English boys as they struggle to survive on an uncharted, uninhabited island. The boy’s airplane crashes into the island and kills any adults on board — leaving the boys to fend for themselves. Ralph and Piggy meet each other first and, upon Piggy’s counsel, Ralph decides to call a meeting of all the boys by blowing on a conch shell. The boys quickly begin to form a society in which they elect Ralph as their leader. A boy called Jack quietly disagrees and believes that he should lead the group. As times passes, Jack and his choir become hunters for the rest of the boys and they begin to enjoy the ways of a predator. As Jack grows more savage, he becomes unhappy with the way that Ralph leads the boys and decides that he will go to the other side of the island and start his own tribe. Boys slowly begin to leave Ralph to join Jack. The boys become so savage that they kill two boys and they plan to kill Ralph. Just as Jack has cornered Ralph, a naval officer appears and rescues them all. Golding depicts not only the struggle of the boys to survive, but also the psychological reasoning that leads the boys to abandon the civilized nature that they know. Through characterization and setting Golding creates in his novel, an ideal forum for validating psychological principles introduced by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist who pioneered the thought that the mind contains three different levels, the id, the ego, and the superego. The id bases itself on the pleasure principle; it meets basic needs. The id wants a quick satiation of needs and has no consideration for the reality of a situation. The ego bases itself on the reality principle, it understands that other people have needs and desires and that impulsiveness or selfishness can cause harm in the future. The ego meets the needs of the id, while taking the reality of the situation into consideration. The Superego develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on a child by influential adults in their lives. One could compare the superego to the conscience, as it dictates belief of right and wrong. Golding acknowledges these different states of consciousness within his novel by using characters to represent each one. For instance, Jack represents the id. Jack never takes into consideration the best thing for the group or himself in the long run and he holds himself accountable to no set of rules or any code of ethics. â€Å"Bollocks to the rules! We're strong – we hunt! If there's a beast, we'll hunt it down! We'll close in and beat and beat and beat† (91). Jack addresses the issue of a beast believed to inhabit the island by filling his thirst for violence and neglecting to take into consideration that confronting a beast will most likely lead to danger. Jack’s reasoning involves selfish motives; he wants to get rid of the beast, he wants to kill, he does not care that he has potentially placed the others in a dangerous situation, nor does he realize the ludicrousness of the beast, Jack has neglected reality entirely. Piggy represents the ego. He constantly tries to reason with the other boys, when he and Ralph first meet, Piggy understands that the other boys also landed on the island and someone needs to find and help them. â€Å"We got to find the others. We got to do something† (14). Piggy also realizes that the boys will most likely stay on the island for a while before someone rescues them — if someone ever rescues them at all. Piggy understands the boys while staying in touch with reality and he knows that if he does not find the smaller boys and take care of them, they will die. Piggy comprehends the seriousness of their predicament and realizes what it will take to keep everyone in order and alive. Simon represents the superego because he adheres to the principles instilled in him by society and civilization. After Jack has killed a pig for the first time, he and his clan approach while chanting, Piggy whimpers and â€Å"Simon hushed him quickly as though he had spoken too loudly in church† (69). Simon’s conscience keeps Piggy in line even when dealing with savage Jack. Towards the end of the novel, the other boys savagely murder Simon; when the boys kill Simon they also kill their conscience, they kill the rules and implications set upon them in order to keep society civilized and from this point until the boys get rescued their savage nature completely takes over and nothing holds them back any longer. Alfred Adler believed that personality difficulties are rooted in a feeling of inferiority. He also believed that people focus on maintaining control over their lives. Golding shows these ideas in his novel. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack all have issues with inferiority and control, in some way each of them feels inferior and each them strives for control. The other boys consider Piggy substandard to them because physically he is not their equal, Piggy realizes that the other boys perceive him this way and tries to make up for it with his intellect and emphasis on the rules, which leads into Piggy’s control issue he tries to use control to counter act the feeling of being out-classed. Jack always strives for superiority, from the very beginning Jack feels that he should be chief instead of Ralph. Jack crumbles underneath his need to become more superior than Ralph and decides to takes control of his situation and forms his own tribe. Jack tries to control his life by getting his way and convincing other boys to get his way as well. Ralph fears inferiority, leadership thrusts itself upon Ralph but he holds his position in very high regard. As Ralph loses support from his tribe, he loses his superiority and he begins to lose faith in himself and become more nervous. Ralph does not like the loss of control in his tribe or in his life, the signal fire and getting the boys to help him make shelters was so important to him for this reason. Adler studied various types of people and he came to the conclusion that there are the four main types of people: The ruling type that tries to control others, the getting type that tends to go along with others ideas, the avoiding type that tries to isolate themselves to avoid defeat, the socially useful type that values having control over their lives and strive to do good things for the sake of society. Jack represents the ruling type with his demand that the boys do as he says â€Å"‘go on’ the two savages looked at each other, raised their spears together and spoke in time. ‘The chief has spoken’ â€Å"(141). Jack thrives off of ruling and absolute power. Sam and Eric fit into the category of the getting type, they tend to go along with and do what others tell them to do. Whenever Ralph is their chief they listen to him and go along with what he says, and then when Jack captures them and takes them to his tribe they adhere to his code and do what he says. Sam and Eric follow — they do not contribute to creative thought but they willingly take part in its aftermath. Simon represents the avoiding type, he largely keeps to himself, and he goes and finds a secret place where he can sit alone in the quiet with his thoughts. Ralph represents the socially useful type, he likes to have control of the boys but, unlike Jack he wants them to do things for the betterment of the group. Adler’s ideas come to life in Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Psychologist Carl Jung believed that symbol creation was a key in understanding human nature. Symbols express something essentially unknown in the best way possible. The boys in Lord of the Flies create a symbol for their fear, at times the boys feel afraid and they cannot exactly express why. The boys create the symbol of the beast because they cannot touch or see their fear and so they imagine a beast that they could touch and see. Whenever Simon recognizes that the thing to fear lies within the boys he also creates a symbol, the Lord of the flies. Jung also believed that the introvert and the extrovert make up the main components of personality. The introvert, like Simon, tends to keep to themselves, and find more interest in ideas than in people. â€Å"Simon paused. He looked over his shoulder as jack had done at the close ways behind him and glanced quickly around to confirm that he was utterly alone† (56). The extrovert however, is outgoing and socially oriented. Both Jack and Piggy fit the description of extroverts because, they both freely express their ideas and long for others to hear and admire them. According to Jung a person that has a healthy personality can realize these opposite tendencies and can express each. Ralph most closely adheres to Jung’s theory about healthy personality. Ralph has a need for socialization but, he also knows when he needs time for reflection and thought, many times Ralph wishes that he had time to gather his thoughts before he had to go and present them in front of the rest of the tribe. When reading Lord of the Flies some readers may miss the latent meaning and only focus on the manifest. Readers who do not take in deeper psychological nature of the novel would attribute the boy’s different reaction to the island, to differences in personality and background instead of the boys taking on the image of the different levels of consciousness. This reader might think that they could not keep order simply because they are just young boys when their real motives were their subconscious need for superiority. The entire novel deals with the psychological principles set forth by Freud, Adler, and Jung; it could be considered a case study that verifies the very things that these psychologists believed.

Specialty Hospitals and Community Hospitals Essay

Specialty Hospitals and Community Hospitals - Essay Example For instance, some cardiac hospitals had a tendency of treating cases that were more profitable as compared to the cases that community hospitals dealt with, whilst there was no conclusive determination as regards specialty hospitals dealing with surgical cases. Another realization of this analysis was the higher satisfaction from patients who received their treatment from specialty hospitals compared to other hospitals (Li & Wang, 2008). The conclusion drawn from this study was that specialty hospitals delivered care that was less uncompensated. However, the compensation of these costs came from payments done to corporate and property income taxes. Another mode of compensation was the failure to receive a disproportion share of hospital payments. On the other hand, the department of health concluded that some physicians usually referred patients to their private hospitals whilst still taking emergency calls from their departments in order to maintain their bases for referrals. These studied failed to identify a significant impact differential on both utilization and quality, and as such, recommended a modification on the prices of DRG in order to reflect costs much closely, as well as, eliminating any incentives provided. According to the studies and reports, it was impossible for MedPAC and the department of health to come up with a conclusive decision about the performance and activities of specialty hospitals. However, it was necessary to come up with a solid decision in order to determine the right position of specialty hospitals within the community. For instance, the CMS came up with certain decisions at the end of August 2006. It decided to follow up the recommendations made by the MedPAC in order to revise payments made to DRG for them to be much closer to other hospital costs as compared to hospital charges. In addition, it also seconded the proposed rule whereby specialty hospitals were to accept transfers of patients

Inconvenient truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inconvenient truth - Essay Example ed terrestrial heat failing to reach the far atmosphere, hence it is trapped to the earth’s surface due to failure of leaving the earth surface, which in turn increases its normal temperature, resulting in many issues that are discussed by Gore (Kooten, 23). The issues include: The emission of greenhouse gases loads the atmosphere with carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping productions raises universal temperatures and prompts heavier precipitation events. Carbon dioxide resulting from burning fossil fuels and devastated tropical forests collects in the atmosphere, holding heat that would else have escaped into space, this confined heat increases the planet’s usual temperature. Some of the additional heat vaporizes water from the ocean and soil into the atmosphere. Furthermore, developing plants transfer water vapor into the atmosphere. As usual, global temperatures increase, and the warmer atmosphere can also grasp more moisture. Thus, when squalls occur, there is more water suspension present in the atmosphere to drop as hail, snow or rain. Globally, water suspension over oceans has enlarged by about 4% since 1970 according to the 2007 U.N. International Panel on Climate Variation report, it’s most recent (Seymour, 78). It only takes a minor variation in the quantity of water suspension in the atmosphere to have a major outcome. That’s because storms can attract upon water vapor from regions 10 to 25 times bigger than the exact area where the rain or snow in fact fall. Basing on the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s (USGCRP) latest report, scientists have detected less rain falling in light drizzle events and greater rain falling in the fullest precipitation occasions across the United States. From 1958 to 2007, the total rainfall in the heaviest 1 percent of storms improved by 31%, on average, in the Midwest and 20% in the Southeast. After a heavy drizzle event, there is little water suspension in the atmosphere, and consequently, dry periods

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homeostasis - Essay Example The term homeostasis was first used by Walter Cannon in 1932 to illustrate the â€Å"maintenance of body’s dynamic constancy†. Homeostasis is a key concept in human physiology which represents the regulatory processes of the body for its optimum functioning mediated by several biochemical and physiological pathways. According to Gilbert, on a cellular level it is a practice through which a relatively constant electrical, chemical, osmotic and internal environment is maintained against a background of extensive range of metabolic demand, intake and loss. Maintenance of homeostasis is vital for the body as seen during exercise. The elevated cardiac and respiratory rates in response to increased CO2 and blood acidity must be readjusted later to meet the demand of lower metabolic rate. If this service is not done the body conditions lead to disease and ultimately death. Homeostasis is maintained by stimulus identification at tissue level with the help of sensors present in skin and sensory organs. These signals are then sent to peripheral sensory nerves and later to spinal cord and brain where depending on the type of stimulus a chain of physiological reaction is set off to maintain homeostasis in the body which may involve survive mechanism, stability in autonomic functions and immunological responses (Lawton, 2003). These responses are carried out by effectors such as muscles and glands. In some cases the responses to a stimulus are particularly elicited by either nervous or endocrine system however, in some cases it is a combination of both (Farabee, 2006). The process through which a constant internal environment (homeostasis) is maintained is known as homeostatic mechanism. Homeostatic control in the body is achieved through feed-back system which may be negative feed-back loop or positive feed-back loops. Negative feed-back loops (employed by most of the body’s systems) turns off the response to a particular stimulus thereby maintaining m ost of homeostatic activities while positive feed-back loop intensifies the effect of the particular response (Farabee, 2006). Positive feed-back intensifies the effects of change and therefore does not play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. Stimulus? Sensor?Integrator? Effector Negative feed-back loop Systems involved in homeostasis: In a healthy body homeostatic maintenance is done by collaborative efforts of central systems of the body such as nervous, endocrine, circulatory, digestive and lymphatic. The balancing responses of these systems to a stimulus tend to maintain a proper homeostasis in body (Lawton, 2003). Major homeostatic controllers of the body are nervous and endocrine systems which constitute extrinsic control system. However, local or intrinsic control system usually involves an organ or a tissue e.g. dilation of blood vessels in reaction to higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower oxygen levels (Farabee, 2006).